Cosine-cubed function
This article is about a particular function from a subset of the real numbers to the real numbers. Information about the function, including its domain, range, and key data relating to graphing, differentiation, and integration, is presented in the article.
View a complete list of particular functions on this wiki
For functions involving angles (trigonometric functions, inverse trigonometric functions, etc.) we follow the convention that all angles are measured in radians. Thus, for instance, the angle ofis measured as
.
Contents
Definition
This function, denoted , is defined as the composite of the cube function and the cosine function. Explicitly, it is the function:
.
Key data
Item | Value |
---|---|
default domain | all real numbers, i.e., all of ![]() |
range | the closed interval ![]() ![]() |
period | ![]() ![]() |
local maximum values and points of attainment | All local maximum values are equal to 1, and they are attained at all points of the form ![]() ![]() |
local minimum values and points of attainment | All local minimum values are equal to -1, and they are attained at all points of the form ![]() ![]() |
points of inflection (both coordinates) | All points of the form ![]() |
derivative | ![]() |
second derivative | ![]() |
antiderivative | ![]() |
power series | ![]() converges everywhere to the function, also the Taylor series. |
Graph
Below is a basic picture of the graph, with the domain restricted to the interval :
A more close-up view, restricted to the interval , is below:
The thick red dots represent points of inflection and the thick black dots represent local extreme values.
Integration
First antiderivative: standard method
We rewrite and then use integration by u-substitution, setting
. Explicitly:
Setting , we get:
This gives us:
Plugging back , we get:
First antiderivative: using triple angle formula
An alternative method of integration is to use the identity:
We thus get:
Although this answer appears different from the other one, the two antiderivatives are in fact equal, as we can see by plugging in into the above antiderivative expression.
Repeated antidifferentiation
The antiderivative of involves sin^3 and sin, which can both be antidifferentiated, with the new antiderivative involving
and cos. The procedure can thus be repeated ad infinitum.
Power series and Taylor series
Computation of power series
We can use the identity:
We have the power series:
Thus, we get:
Combining, we get:
The first few terms are: