Tangent-squared function
This article is about a particular function from a subset of the real numbers to the real numbers. Information about the function, including its domain, range, and key data relating to graphing, differentiation, and integration, is presented in the article.
View a complete list of particular functions on this wiki
For functions involving angles (trigonometric functions, inverse trigonometric functions, etc.) we follow the convention that all angles are measured in radians. Thus, for instance, the angle ofis measured as
.
Contents
Definition
This function is defined as the composite of the square function and the tangent function. Explicitly, it is the function:
is written as
for shorthand.
Key data
Item | Value |
---|---|
Default domain | all real numbers except the odd integer multiples of ![]() |
range | ![]() ![]() no absolute maximum value; absolute minimum value of 0 |
period | ![]() ![]() |
local maximum values and points of attainment | No local maximum values |
local minimum values and points of attainment | 0 at all integer multiples of ![]() |
points of inflection (both coordinates) | None |
vertical asymptotes | at all odd multiples of ![]() ![]() |
derivative | ![]() |
antiderivative | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
interval description based on increase/decrease and concave up/down | For each integer ![]() decreasing and concave up from ![]() ![]() increasing and concave up from ![]() ![]() |
Differentiation
First derivative
The first derivative can be computed by combining the chain rule for differentiation and knowledge of the derivatives of the square function and the tangent function:
Integration
First antiderivative
We use the identity:
Using this, we rewrite:
where we use that the tangent function is an antiderivative for the secant-squared function
Second antiderivative
We can antidifferentiate the function one more time:
Higher antiderivatives
It is not possible to compute higher antiderivatives in terms of elementary functions, but we can compute them using the polylogarithm.
Integration of products with polynomials
Using integration by parts, we know that if it is possible to integrate a function times, it is also possible to use that information to integrate
times the function. Thus, from the above, we can integrate
within elementary functions. However, it is not possible to integrate
within elementary functions.
Explicitly, we have: