Limit is linear

Statement

In terms of additivity and pulling out scalars

Additive:

Suppose $f$ and $g$ are functions of one variable. Suppose $c\in \mathbb{R}$ is such that both $f$ and $g$ are defined on the immediate left and the immediate right of $c$. Further, suppose that the limits $\underset{x\to c}{lim}f(x)$ and $\underset{x\to c}{lim}g(x)$ both exist (as finite numbers). In that case, the limit of the pointwise sum of functions $f+g$ exists and is the sum of the individual limits:

$\underset{x\to c}{lim}(f+g)(x)=\underset{x\to c}{lim}f(x)+\underset{x\to c}{lim}g(x)$

An equivalent formulation:

$\underset{x\to c}{lim}[f(x)+g(x)]=\underset{x\to c}{lim}f(x)+\underset{x\to c}{lim}g(x)$

Scalars: Suppose $f$ is a function of one variable and $\lambda$ is a real number. Suppose $c\in \mathbb{R}$ is such that $f$ is defined on the immediate left and immediate right of $c$, and that $\underset{x\to c}{lim}f(x)$ exists. Then:

$\underset{x\to c}{lim}(\lambda f)(x)=\lambda \underset{x\to c}{lim}f(x)$

An equivalent formulation:

Failed to parse (unknown function "\lamba"): {\displaystyle \lim_{x \to c} \lambda f(x) = \lamba \lim_{x \to c} f(x)}

In terms of generalized linearity

Suppose $f_1,f_2,\dots ,f_n$ are functions and $a_1,a_2,\dots ,a_n$ are real numbers.

$\underset{x\to c}{lim}[a_1{f}_1(x)+a_2{f}_2(x)+\dots +a_n{f}_n(x)]=a_1\underset{x\to c}{lim}{f}_1(x)+a_2\underset{x\to c}{lim}{f}_2(x)+\dots +a_n\underset{x\to c}{lim}{f}_n(x)$

if the right side expression makes sense.